Introduction: The violent group M23 is at the heart of the instability in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). In the Kivu region (far East of the DRC), this rebel group took multiple great cities such as Goma, Bukavu and Uvira over the past year, and is now controlling the zone, establishing a parallel administration. M23 is backed by the Rwandan government, in what Kinshasa (Capital of DRC) accuses to be a will to pillage the natural resources of the region . On the other si

Introduction In the past decade, new security actors arose around the globe, and particularly in Africa, where companies like the Wagner Group or Africa Corps raised concerns. These groups, operating all over the continent are French, British, Russian, Ukrainian, Chinese, Turkish or American, and participate in multiple security activities, ranging from enhancing national military, to conducting reconnaissance and intelligence operations, and some of them directly take part i

Introduction: In October 2024, the contested legislative elections led the pro-Russian party Georgian Dream in power, which appointed later in November a new president, Mikheïl Kevalachvili. The former president, Salomé Zourabichvili, refused to leave her seat, stating that there is a clear irregularity in the vote count , and, along with other members of the opposition, claiming Georgian dream to be a pro-Russian party. At the end of 2024, the prime minister Irakli Kobakhidz