Europe's greatest security risk may not be American withdrawal, but uncertainty over American commitment. As strategic priorities shift, can Europe maintain credible deterrence and strengthen its own defence capabilities?

From the Caspian Sea to the borders of China, Kazakhstan—the world’s largest landlocked country and ninth in the world by territory—sits at the physical center of Eurasia, where Islamic, Christian, and Confucian civilizations have historically intersected and where today’s great powers quietly overlap. Rich in oil, gas, uranium, and critical minerals, and crossed by some of the most important land corridors connecting Europe and Asia, the country has long been embedded in glo