Introduction: Somaliland constitutes one of the most durable and paradoxical cases of de facto state in the contemporary international system. Former British protectorate that became independent in 1960, before unifying a few days later with former Italian Somalia, the territory in the northern region in the Horn of Africa declared its independence in 1991. Taking advantage of the civil war during this period, Somaliland has since been able to administer its territory, reinfo

While major powers like the United States and China are shifting their attention elsewhere, the UAE is filling the void in Africa. There is so much potential when it comes to Africa and the United Arab Emirates is investing heavily with new infrastructure projects and new technology. The UAE has grown more ambitious in recent years when it comes to vested interests of economic stability and security on the continent. There are some who believe  that they are the only country

Introduction: The violent group M23 is at the heart of the instability in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). In the Kivu region (far East of the DRC), this rebel group took multiple great cities such as Goma, Bukavu and Uvira over the past year, and is now controlling the zone, establishing a parallel administration. M23 is backed by the Rwandan government, in what Kinshasa (Capital of DRC) accuses to be a will to pillage the natural resources of the region . On the other si

Introduction In the past decade, new security actors arose around the globe, and particularly in Africa, where companies like the Wagner Group or Africa Corps raised concerns. These groups, operating all over the continent are French, British, Russian, Ukrainian, Chinese, Turkish or American, and participate in multiple security activities, ranging from enhancing national military, to conducting reconnaissance and intelligence operations, and some of them directly take part i

In 1991, the Somali National Movement declared autonomy over Somaliland, which is located in the northern area in the Horn of Africa. The strategic location of this territory is especially significant to maintain sovereignty for the recognised government of Somalia. After many years of democratic unrecognised governance, Somaliland is receiving attention from significant powers throughout the region. Earlier this week, major headlines from news sites announced  that Israel ha

Introduction: Alarmed by recent information, the French government warned about a potential sale of Nigerien uranium to Russia. Both Moscow — and its company Rosatom — and the Nigerien junta denied such a transaction, nevertheless, it is not the first time that Russia is interested in the nuclear sector in Niger. In July 2025 already, the   Russian minister of energy, accompanied by a delegation of representatives of the defence minister and giants of the uranium industry  (R