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Introduction In the past decade, new security actors arose around the globe, and particularly in Africa, where companies like the Wagner Group or Africa Corps raised concerns. These groups, operating all over the continent are French, British, Russian, Ukrainian, Chinese, Turkish or American, and participate in multiple security activities, ranging from enhancing national military, to conducting reconnaissance and intelligence operations, and some of them directly take part i

In 1991, the Somali National Movement declared autonomy over Somaliland, which is located in the northern area in the Horn of Africa. The strategic location of this territory is especially significant to maintain sovereignty for the recognised government of Somalia. After many years of democratic unrecognised governance, Somaliland is receiving attention from significant powers throughout the region. Earlier this week, major headlines from news sites announced  that Israel ha

Introduction: Christmas is not often linked to international relations or politics. It is generally seen as a time of celebration, peace, and goodwill, characteristics not usually associated with geopolitics, a subject filled with conflict, both morally and physically. Despite this, geopolitics does not pause during the festive season, and for centuries, the holidays have become entangled with geostrategy. While also being a significant religious and cultural tradition for ma

In early December 2025, one of Southeast Asia’s most persistent territorial disputes surged into intense armed conflict, as Thailand and Cambodia exchanged artillery fire, airstrikes and rocket attacks along their shared border. This renewed violence has killed dozens of soldiers and civilians, as well as displacing thousands of people, and drawn urgent calls from regional and global powers for a ceasefire. Despite ongoing talks meant to halt the hostilities, and a peace deal